BN-W HISTORICAL TIMELINE
1619-2004
MINI-TIMELINE OF SOME OF THE MAJOR SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND LEGAL MILESTONES IN AMERICAN HISTORY CULMINATING WITH THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY (1954-2004) OF THE LANDMARK CASE OF BROWN VS. THE BOARD OF EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION - #10A
CHART - #10B

INTRODUCTION - #10A

BN-W thanks everyone, including individuals and the media, for your numerous inquiries and overwhelmingly positive feedback to BN-W.   Following is a [very] mini timeline of some of the major social, political, and legal milestones in the history of the United States of America (U.S.A.) that played crucial roles in this country’s development and how it operates.   [ NOTE:   When referring to America, that’s specific to North America; and we’ll use African, African American, and Black interchangeably, with the latter being used most often because of its more inclusive nature of all African descendants.]   As usual, BN-W highly encourages everyone to simply use these events as a starting point in doing your own research and seeking the facts about America’s history; facts which are, very often, not fully or properly told in school, resulting in mass miseducation of practically everyone – and thus denial – by many of the American people about the true story of America and the foundation of its rise.   For those individuals who hate to talk about and face the unmatched cruelty of America’s legacy and just want to “forget the past” and focus on the present and the future – remember the [Jewish] holocaust (1933 – 1945) and credit must be given to the Jewish people for the undeniable fact of the way they make sure that those brutal crimes on humanity committed against their ancestors, lead by the Germans across Europe, is kept front and center on a regular basis here in America.   Their suffering and oppression officially lasted for 12 years in Europe, but they’ve successfully lobbied for billions of America’s dollars to go to Israel every year.   The pros and cons of how those American dollars are being spent run deep, very deep, on both sides, particularly in relation to the Palestinians.   Nevertheless, this is an example of the importance of how we all must never forget and never be ashamed of the physical, mental, and emotional torture and injustices that were consciously, conscientiously, willfully, and wrongfully committed by one group of people against another group of people.   Never forget!   Never be ashamed!   [TOT-PRB]

You may be wondering what’s the connection between BN-W and this timeline we’re doing.   It’s quite simple, we’re willing to gamble that most people simply don’t know these facts about history – Black history (in America) particularly – which is this timeline’s focus.   Based on that theory, we’re willing to also gamble that that’s one of the primary reasons – lack of historical knowledge and facts – for the excessive use, acceptance, and little to no discipline or discouragement when the N-word is used not only by youth and entertainers (rappers/hip-hoppers, comedians, etc.) but also by the parents, the socio-economically deprived adults, the so-called “professionals,” and, especially, by the “educators” who should know – and share – these facts unconditionally, continually, and regularly (again, remember the consistency of the repetition of the Jewish holocaust).   But, as it is clear to see, most people just don’t know about Black history here in America because, and we’re very confident about this fact, that if they knew better, they’d do better.   Therefore, having said that, we feel the connection is the presumption that most people are smart and wise enough to know that knowledge is power and that intelligence always supersedes ignorance, thus resulting in enlightenment and empowerment for not only themselves but also for those individuals (from young to old) who need the wisdom that those of us who seek to learn and grow are capable of sharing and passing on as is required of us.   Do you agree?  

BN-W chooses to say they don’t know as opposed to the possibility of some just not caring because as you read the facts below, you’ll realize that without Black people, America, known as the land of opportunity, would not be what it is today.   Blacks not only built the foundation of this country through free labor, but through the millions who fought – bitterly, diligently, and relentlessly – for freedom (physical, social, political), America (at least until the November 2004 election anyway) stands as the role model of what a society and humanity should look like, strive for and stand for throughout the world.   America does, indeed, owe a big debt to Black Americans.   Overall, everyone has benefited from the struggles that Blacks were forced to take on.   It must be clearly understood that nothing was given to Blacks, but only achieved as concessions after many fierce battles – physical, legal, and otherwise – as well as major loss of life by many, many who were truly brave and by others who just got caught in the crossfire.

As indicated in its title, this BN-W timeline is focusing only on the major social, political, and legal milestones because those are the fundamentals of the strength of America that laid the groundwork for the moral-building aspects of what the persistent and nonstop pursuit of justice and “equal rights” by Blacks did for America and, for those reasons, how it’s perceived, fairly or unfairly, as the ideology of civil and human rights worldwide.   The scientific, medical, mathematical, educational, business, religious, military, explorative, literary, artistic, entertainment, athletic contributions as well as untold/countless inventions (of which for a very long time many could only be legally patented by, and therefore improperly credited to, the enslavers) of Blacks are so very extensive and monumental that they not only require separate timelines, but this e-mail as well as possibly yours, literally, couldn’t handle the factually explosive load.   [TOT-PRB]

Before going into the timeline chart, we’re going to give you a brief historical background on where the enslaved Africans were taken from, what they lost, what Africa lost, a small slice of what the journey on the infamous Middle Passage was all about, and just a little on the sufferings the enslaved had to endure once in America.   Here we go…

The enslaved Africans were stolen from Africa, “a land of many firsts and the birthplace of all humans.” ^(B1)   In fact, it’s the home of The Great Pyramid, which “is as tall as a 45-story building, with enough stone to build 30 Empire State Buildings.   It is the largest, oldest, and only remaining of the Seven Wonders of the World.   If its 2.5 million stones were cut into one-foot blocks and lined up end to end, they would reach two-thirds the distance around the Earth’s equator.   With its 201 stair step tiers, it is the most perfectly aligned building facing true North in the world.” ^(B1)   This and many other “firsts” were done long before the concept of an “ America” was even on the horizon.   The wonders of Africa as well as its “many firsts” are too tremendous for this BN-W timeline – it is so significant that it also requires its own.   So, we’ll have to reluctantly leave you with that fact for now and hope you continue with your own research.

The primary location of the organized enslavement raids and kidnappings occurred along the coastal villages of West Africa between Senegal and Angola during the years of the early 1500s through the early 1800s.   The enslavement traders were selective about who they captured.   They sought males and females between the ages of 14-30, children under 14, and no adults over 30.   Most of the individuals stolen were in their prime years of physical and emotional development, not only in or into adulthood, but also as far as reproduction and growing families.   These victims lost not only their individual growth and development, but they were taken from their family, friends, cultural traditions, and careers – people and environments they loved and knew – and literally forced, through devious means, including murder and torture, to act as if that aspect of their lives never existed.   Over time, the consistency of that deviousness worked so effectively as to cause a lack of pride and shame for many – but by no means all – descendants of Africa that continues centuries later – even now, in the 21^st century.   [ NOTE:   A perfect example is Tiger Woods describing himself as a “Caublinasian” – was it really worthy of that much thought? can you see him ever getting engaged to a Black nanny? do you think she’d even get one-quarter of a chance?]   Many Blacks are definitely not taught about their vibrant history (prior to enslavement) through the school curriculum; if they don’t have some on-point teachers, they must do the research themselves.   And although there are many exceptions, too often, they’re even discouraged by their own adult relatives, influences, and role models from doing historical research because of how effective the hundreds of years of condemnation about the African culture and history was beat into, both literally and verbally, the enslaved by the enslavers, and then, naturally, that brainwashing continued (and continues today) into the mindset of many of their descendants.   How could it not, especially when education and all forms of former cultural self-expression were forbidden, and often by any means necessary, including brutality and death if necessary?   [TOT-PRB]

We know Blacks have much to be proud of, including diversely natural beauty and a rich historical background, so we say if you’re going to be an unhealthy (note the “un”) admirer and follower of another, don’t let it be someone who innately has major insecurity and self-confidence issues; in fact, much more so than you do.   Don’t let it be someone who has a constant need – due to those insecurities – to have facelifts; plastic surgery; breast implants; liposuction; tanning; lip injections/enhancements; Botox injections; collagen treatments; dyed blond hair ad nauseam; unhealthy dieting habits to maintain an unnatural, albeit socially acceptable, weight and size; and on and on (oh, and let’s not forget the penis enlargements).   Is it possible not to have another movie starring Angelina Jolie where the movie’s entire marketing campaign revolves around her lips?   Can we be spared the billboard posters playing up her full lips?   We already know those are the most desired kind, but give us consumers a break.   Can we also throw in a request that everything chocolate NOT be made into white chocolate?   Not only because chocolate is chocolate, but because white chocolate always tastes like a milky vanilla.   Who came up with this idea of turning everything chocolate into a white chocolate version?   Why would anyone think white chocolate is a better option for chocolate?   Let chocolate be!!   Let it be!!   [ NOTE:   For those interested in tips, styles, and just a great wealth of information on maintaining that which is unique only to people of African descent, go to www.nappturality.com.   Be sure to also read the interviews with Tempestt Bledsoe and T’Keyah Crystal Keymáh; they’re both very interesting pieces.   Another interesting piece in relation to this topic is at www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/0818041beyonce1.html, which shows the price an entertainer sometimes has to pay to make that money and flow better with fitting in with whatever’s supposed to be considered mainstream.   The dichotomy of these two situations and the distinctly different thought process that must be followed for both is amazing. ]

What did Africa lose?   Africa lost its youth!   Africa lost the ability to continue its population growing productively and effectively with skilled and educated people!   Africa lost between 10 million and 100 million people!   We think the following two passages excellently and best describe what Africa lost, beginning with a brief reference to those Africans who actively participated in the enslavement trade (particularly noted for those individuals whose first instinct would be concerned with that minute aspect of the whole picture):

From the Schomburg Center for Culture Research in Black Culture New York Public Library’s African American Desk Reference (p.28) ^(B2) :

“Though the slave trade provided short-term gains for some Africans, the ultimate effect on Africa was disastrous.  Slave raiding by warlords and state-sponsored wars designed to gain captives created an atmosphere of violence and lawlessness that led to social disintegration.   In addition, Africa suffered a devastating population decline and loss of productivity compared with the growing European and American populations and economies.   On the west coast of Africa as a whole, the population declined from 25 million in 1700 to 20 million in 1850.   The removal of captives, whose number exceeded 70,000 per year by the mid-18^th century, was a major factor.   Also, many of the captives, in fact one third of the total, were women in their childbearing years.   And because most of the captives were males age 14 to 30, who would normally have been starting families, the effect was even more severe – in some areas, sex ratios fell to a level of 60 men to each 100 women.   The loss of skills and knowledge that went to America with those millions of captives was also keenly felt.   Toward the end of the 19^th century, Africa’s relative weakness led to the onset of European colonialism.”

From the African American History:   A Journey of Liberation (p.56) ^(B1) :

“Disadvantages to Africa:   As Europe was gaining an economic advantage from the slave trade, Africa was undergoing one of the greatest declines in development of any region in the world.   For Europeans, Africa was a vast treasure, which they exploited for their own national growth and economic benefit.   For Africans, the slave trade undercut the natural economic growth of the continent.   It removed Africa’s greatest resource, its youth.   It also crippled African industry by encouraging a dependence on manufactured goods from Europe.

Many historians estimate that as many as 100 million Africans were uprooted during the slave trade.   That number would be equivalent to losing twice the workforce of New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, Philadelphia, Detroit, Washington, San Francisco, Seattle, Miami, Atlanta, San Diego, Milwaukee, Baltimore, San Jose, and Dallas.   Such a loss of labor as this would have a disastrous effect on the U.S. economy and would set the nation back for many years, if not centuries.

The slave traders preferred Africans between the ages of 15 and 20.   They shipped the healthiest Africans because they were more likely to survive the disease-ridden voyage across the Atlantic.   Africans who had already had smallpox, which was one of the greatest killers of the 16^th and 17^th centuries, were likely to be highly prized because they were immune to the disease.

Vast regions of Africa were depopulated by the slave trade, halting the development of many budding industries, such as mining, tool-making, rice farming, and metallurgy.   The slave trade deprived African nations of people who had skills in many professions.   Africa was robbed of its future by losing the very segments of the population that may have led the way in science, technology, medicine, and farming; or in the textile, shipping, and financial industries.   The European slave trading disaster was so great that many African societies still have not recovered from it today.”

And now, onto the enslavers taking the enslaved on a sadistic journey through the Middle Passage, which is the second leg of the Triangular Trade (also sometimes known to be called the Transatlantic Slave Trade, the Atlantic Slave Trade, or the European Slave Trade).   It was called the Triangular Trade because of its three-fold purpose, which consisted of (1) departing European ports with manufactured goods and products to sell, then (2) traveling to Africa to kidnap and load captives – the horrific Middle Passage portion – to head to the New World or the Americas, which was North America, South America, and the Caribbean, to make the money transaction by dropping off the captives as human cargo to be sold along with the rest of the manufactured goods and products, and then (3) the return trip to Europe.   So, yes, those who are wondering if your ancestry is African and you’re from Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Cuba, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, etc., etc., etc. – the chances are very high that you are of African descent, even if you think you don’t look like you are.   Learn to be proud of that fact.   [TOT-PRB]

The Middle Passage was a brutally long and seemingly never-ending trip on a ship across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to the New World (again, North America, South America, and the Caribbean) that lasted on average from 21 to 90 days.   These ships were “chambers of horror” for the uprooted Africans.   They were packed like sardines into the bottom deck of a filthy ship that was built for about 200 people, but due to the nature of the enslavement traders’ cruelty and economic greed, they very often squeezed in an additional 600-800 people.   Captains were known as “loose packers” or “tight packers” based on how they crammed the captives into the spaces.   We’re sure you could imagine what it would be like for 800-1000 people to be packed together in all types of weather conditions (hot, cold, rain), at the bottom deck of a ship, in chains to prevent mutiny, in the dark, no toilet facilities, very little food, people suffering from seasickness and vomiting, having diarrhea, various diseases, including smallpox and ophthalmia (a disease that causes blindness), and not even enough room to turn sideways – in fact, much less space than a coffin has.   That horrible picture and much, much more is what Africans had to endure on the hapless voyage to American enslavement, which turned out to be even more horrendous.  

During this doomed journey to enslavement in America, many died from diseases and poor health from the deplorable conditions; others were murdered outright, while others were thrown overboard due to sickness or the boat being overloaded; rape and sexual abuse (yes, it didn’t take any time for the raping to begin – funk and all!) were the norm; and, of course, brutality and terrorism were nonstop.   There were, as always, uprisings and rebellions.   How could there not be?   After all these are people who had a life and lived and would not go down without some kind of fight, regardless of the advanced weaponry the slave traders’ utilized.   Some who attempted to starve themselves to death were cruelly force-fed in numerous ways, including placing coal or fire near their lips.   Many captives also chose death over the bondage and brutality by jumping overboard, while others managed to cut their throats.   A most effective description of the devastation is superbly described by Dr. John Henrik Clarke in the Juneteenth Pictorial for the Middle Passage:   “It was not atypical to see a massive school of sharks darting in and out of the wake of the ships filled with human cargo plying the Atlantic.   For miles they followed the battered and moldy vessels, waiting to attack the disease-ravaged black bodies that were periodically tossed into the ocean…If the Atlantic were to dry up, it would reveal a scattered pathway of human bones, African bones marking the various routes of the Middle Passage.” ^(W1)

More on the challenging research process for this Middle Passage Pictorial from the artist, Tom Feelings:   “Enthusiastically, I started reading everything I could find on slavery and especially the Middle Passage.   I searched out and wrote down all of the factual incidents in sequential order, reading some personal accounts by former slave-ship captains, slave traders, and various European historians.   I expected the descriptions of horror of the slaves forts and inhumane treatment on the journey aboard the slave ships.   But some of the writers’ overbearing opinions, even religious rationalizations and arguments for the continuance of the slave trade made me feel, the more words I read, that I should try to tell this story with as few words as possible, if any.   Callous indifference or outright brutal characterizations of Africans are embedded in the language of the Western World.   It is a language so infused with direct and indirect racism that it would be difficult, if not impossible, using this language in my book, to project anything black as positive.   This gave me a final reason for attempting to tell the story through art alone.   I believe strongly that with a picture book any African in this world could pick up and see and feel what happened to us on those ships.” ^(W1)

The enslaved Africans that managed to endure and survive the Middle Passage were truly symbolic of only the strong surviving.   Many, many did not make it.   In fact, numerous historical documents indicate that for each shipload of human cargo sent to the New World, only one-third to one-half of the captives actually made it.   Upon arrival, we all know what awaited them – the despicable system of American enslavement.   Although various forms of enslavement, primarily indentured servitude, had been around for a long time, what made American enslavement the most vile and destructive, is that America turned it into a color issue of “black skin color” being inferior and “white skin color” being superior.   Ridiculous, of course, but that’s where the root of the problem stems from.   [Some even say there may be some manhood issues, especially considering the castrations that were done to many of the enslaved males when lynched.]   [TOT-PRB]

Once in America, enslavement entailed mental and emotional cruelty and physical brutality on a massive scale.   Their names were changed and they were denied the right to continue their traditions and pass that on to their children; whatever they wanted to maintain of their traditions had to be done secretly.   They were treated as if they had no feelings, sensitivity, or sensibilities.   They were also forced to deal with beatings, whippings, rapes, sexual harassment and assaults (heterosexual and homosexual, from the enslavers and their wives toward the enslaved), child abuse, brandings, amputations, being sold at auction blocks, family separations, lynchings, hangings, castrations, convict lease prison sentences, chain gangs, and, needless to say, centuries of verbal and emotional abuse that have left mental scars on their descendants that, for some, are too deep to remove.   One story of child abuse as told by Sojourner Truth, a staunch antislavery activist:   “My master used to throw me in a buck and whip me.   He would put my hands together and tie them.   Then he would strip me naked.   Then he would make me squat down.   Then he would run a stick through behind my knees and in front of my elbows.   My knee was up against my chest.   My hands was tied together just in front of my shins.   The stick between my arms and my knees held me in a squat.   That’s what they call a buck….He would whip me on one side till that was sore and full of blood and then he would whip me on the other side till that was all tore up….” ^(B1)   She was only 14 years old – and the reason for the abuse was that she couldn’t speak English yet because her previous enslaver had been Dutch.   Harriet Tubman, another unrelentingly brave antislavery activist, also suffered severe child abuse, including being “whipped mercilessly” when she was seven years old for tasting sugar and being hit in the head by a two-pound iron weight that was hurled by an enslaver when she was 16 years old.   From this latter incident, she had a deep scar, but also suffered from sleeping spells, dizziness, and headaches for the remainder of her life.   Despite these abuses and many others, these women got actively involved not only in antislavery issues but also women’s rights issues.   As for bravery, however, Harriet Tubman stands out; she led at least 15 rescue operations through the Underground Railroad and became known as “Black Moses” because of these daring rescue missions.   Southerners hated her so much that they put out a “dead or alive” reward for $40,000 for her capture.   [TOT-PRB]

Based on the levels of abuse the African enslaved endured (the above examples are only snippets), why would anybody doubt or be surprised about what American soldiers were and are capable of doing to the Abu Ghraib prisoners in Iraq?   Why would people even act shocked and amazed at the lynchings that happened earlier this year in Iraq?   After all, isn’t that part of the American culture and what Americans did to African Americans for years and years?   It was so much a part of the American culture in fact that people would actually get dressed up to see somebody get hanged and then watch his body become engulfed with burning flames.   Women watched their husbands lovingly and with total support when they hanged and burned a Black man or woman.   Parents took their children to see this.   They would praise the Lord while seeing and participating in this.   They would be standing there smiling while a Black person’s body was literally hanging and burning to a crisp.   What kind of people would tolerate that and – very often – all in the name of the Lord?   The year 1952 was the first time in about 71 years that no lynchings were reported in the U.S.  

We thought it might also be helpful to give some statistical data on U.S. Census population numbers, just as background information on exactly the kind of data and numbers the government, and therefore the corporations and many others, rely on to make decisions for the country and those of us who are living in it.   Information for the following chart was taken from the African American Desk Reference (p. 97) : ^(B2)

[NOTE:   The first U.S. Census started in 1790 and it’s updated every ten years.   Also, the year 1860 is five years before slavery officially ended throughout the entire U.S. and the year 1870 is five years after slavery ended.]

From the U.S. Census bureau, we obtained the following information for the 2000 Census results (www.census.gov):
Total Black:                               36,419,434 (12.9% of the total U.S. Population)
Total U.S. Population:               281,421,906

Also from the U.S. Census, as of 9/13/04, the U.S. and World Population Clocks – POPClocks:
U.S. Population Estimate:          294,260,363
World Population Estimate:        6,392,483,059

Our question is since the Black population is and has been such a small part of the U.S. total population (still not even 15% yet) why then is there such a fear of Black power, stamina, and continuous success?   Why are so many direct and indirect efforts made to halt it?   Anytime there’s a steady thriving in the Black community, it is brutally and fatally destroyed by an evilness and vindictiveness (in the form of human beings) that’s so powerfully enraging, it’s hard to call it your average envy and jealousy.   What is it that causes this kind of hateful and vengeful behavior from one group of people toward another group of people?   Why are Black men so vilified and hated on the one hand, yet so revered, admired, desired, and followed on the other?   Could it be because Blacks are really the only ones who have stood up against injustices and for fair and equal rights here in America or could it be something else?   Should Blacks be somewhat flattered by this power, which too many of them obviously don’t even realize they have, or should they simply start to utilize it more properly, efficiently, and effectively?   If anyone has the answer to any or all of these questions, please share it with us.

Folks, there’s just so much to read, learn, and know.   We couldn’t possibly fit it all in the BN-W chart timeline that will follow as BN-W #10B .   But we’ve tried to fit as much as possible in an order that makes sense.   Whether you’re a parent, childfree (by choice), childless (not by choice), employed, unemployed, or whatever combination thereof, this is your opportunity to show that you can make a difference.   If you don’t know these facts or don’t know enough about or as much as you should know about them, here’s your chance to get started on educating yourself and then educating those around you, so you can all strive to not only be and become more educated and knowledgeable than you are now, but also to share your newfound knowledge with young people and others you may have a direct or indirect possibility of influence on.   This BN-W timeline is only a start, a beginning that’s focusing on the Black experience in America upon arriving here as captives stolen from Africa.   What you do with this information and how you choose to go forward, share with others, and develop your own written and mental database is up to you.   As long as silence and the lack of acknowledgment on the issue of the depravity of enslavement here in America remains, there will always be underlying and surface problems with race in this country because, unfortunately, that color line division is what America was built on.   And that’s just a plain and simple fact.   An interesting Web site is one listing the insurance policies held on slaves in the State of Illinois.   It was just released there, making Illinois and California the only two in the United States to make it mandatory for insurance companies to provide this information.   www.ins.state.il.us/Consumer/SlaveryReporting.nsf.

Since the whole objective and concept of this timeline is with the purpose of banning the N-word, we couldn’t possibly leave this BN-W Historical Timeline introduction without providing some quotes with that word in full effect from the people who started it – the oppressors.   Before we send you Part 2 of the BN-W Historical Timeline – #10B , following are some quotes from White individuals in all professions and at all levels who so freely, hatefully, lovingly, despicably, adoringly, threateningly, and cheerfully uttered the N-word not only to denigrate and belittle Blacks but while chasing them down to attack and kill them – and that was usually in mobs or packs with guns.   These quotes are taken from the stories as told on the Web site www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events.html as well as in the “ The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow ” video and book ^(V1/B8) .   [ NOTE:   The bold emphasis on the N-words below were added by BN-W.]

(1)    “What’s that nigger doing on the stage?”   [the audience referring to Booker T. Washington during his Atlanta Compromise speech in 1895]

(2)      “ Mississippi’s constitutional convention was held for no other purpose than to eliminate the nigger from politics; not the ignorant – but the nigger .”   [stated by future governor James Kimble Vardaman in 1898]

(3)      “It will be the meanest, vilest, dirtiest campaign since 1876.   The slogan of the Democratic party from the mountain to the sea will be but one word… Nigger .”   [stated by Daniel Schenck, party leader]

(4)    “Kill the niggers .”   [member of a White mob crowd during the Atlanta Riot in 1906]

(5)    “A call for men to ‘hunt’ Mr. Nigger in his lair.”   [stated by a local sheriff during the summer and fall race riots of 1919]

(6)    “No jobs for niggers until every White man has a job.”   [sign carried by a member of the “Black Shirts,” a Klan-like group during the Great Depression – 1929-1939]

(7)    “ Niggers back to the cotton fields.   City jobs are for White men.”   [shouted by Northerners during the Great Depression]

(8)    “Put them back in their place.”   “Let me tell you one thing don’t you forget…you’re still a nigger .” [comments made when Black soldiers returned from World War II in 1945]

(9)    “Ballplayers and fans would shout epithets of ‘ nigger ’ at him when he came to bat.   He also was aware that a few rabid racists might try to kill him – or at least scare him with death threats.”   [what Jackie Robinson experienced being the first major league African American baseball player in 1947; he played for the Brooklyn Dodgers]

(10) “Although he once held strong racial biases – he had used the word ‘ nigger ’ freely in his speeches – in 1947 he decided to make civil rights a national issue.”   [on Harry S. Truman and his push for civil rights for two reasons (not necessarily in the following order):   (1) it was the right thing to do and (2) he needed the Black vote to win a second election, which, by the way, he did win]

(11) “This Nigger Voted” [a sign that was posted on a lynched body to keep Black people from voting]

(12) Theodore Bilbo, a U.S. Senator from Mississippi in 1946, described as a “diminutive” racist who felt Blacks had no right to vote, “once boasted that he used the word ‘ nigger ’ 77 times in a 20-minute speech.”

[ NOTE:   Nigger, nigga, niggah – bottom line, same meaning just a different spelling.   Do you really think using it now as “my nigga” truly turns it into a term of endearment or a form of brotherhood, especially when it was and still is used with the venom as the quotes above clearly show?   Additionally, oppressors started calling Blacks that name.   Does it make sense – is it smart or wise – to continue calling yourself, your family, and your friends a derogatory name that was started by your oppressor?]

Now, in conclusion of Part 1, onto the breakdown of all of the aforementioned (including the complete list of our sources and the significance of “385-246-99-40” and “TOT-PRB”) in the BN-W Historical Timeline, which will follow as #10B .   Read it, but don’t weep, start your own journey of self-educating to empowerment and enlightenment of yourself and those within your inner and outer circles.   Remember, there are only a selected few who can save the world, but there are many who can save their own community.   [TOT-PRB]

CHART - #10B

385-246-99-40
TOT-PRB